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世界上最初一只雄性北方白犀牛分开了
3月19日，
肯尼亚奥尔佩杰塔天然庇护区
45岁的北方白犀牛“苏丹”因为安康严峻恶化，
被庇护区施行了安泰死。
因为偷猎等原因，
苏丹是全球最初一头雄性北方白犀牛，
目前该物种在全球仅剩2头雌性，
接近灭绝。
继2011年西黑犀灭绝之后。
北白犀即将成为第二个被盗猎扑灭的犀牛亚种。
以下听力质料来自于VOA慢速英语。
再见：最初一头雄性北白犀走了 音频： 进度条 00:00 04:24 撤退退却15秒 倍速 快进15秒
Worlds Last Male
Northern White Rhino Dies
This is Whats Trending Today...
The worlds last known male northern white rhinoceros has died.
Sudan was 45 years old. He was living in Kenya at a wildlife conservancy called Ol Pejeta. The conservancy said his age-related health problems had worsened, and that he was put to sleep on Monday.
Sudan was no longer able to stand, workers there said. His muscles and bones had weakened, and his skin had severe wounds. He also had an infection in his leg.
那里是今日趋向节目。
世界上最初一只已知的雄性北方白犀牛已经灭亡。
苏丹， 享年45岁。他住在肯尼亚的一个天然庇护区Ol Pejeta。据庇护区透露， 苏丹因为衰老招致的安康问题恶化， 在礼拜一被施行安泰死。
庇护区的工做人员说， 苏丹不克不及再站立。他的肌肉和骨骼已经虚弱， 皮肤严峻受伤。他的腿也传染了。
Sudan was born in the wild in Sudan. At two years old, he was captured and taken to a zoo in the Czech Republic. He lived there from 1975 until 2009, when he was moved to Ol Pejeta Conservancy.
Sudan had been part of the conservancys effort to save the northern white rhinos from disappearing. Now, just two females are left. One is his daughter, Najin. The other is his granddaughter, Fatu.
Conservationists had tried many times to get Sudan to mate with the two females naturally. However, they were not successful.
苏丹出生在苏丹的野外。两岁时， 他被捕并被带到捷克共和国的一个动物园。他从1975年到2009年不断住在那里， 其时他搬到了Ol Pejeta Conservancy。
苏丹曾经是一只庇护区勤奋维持希望不要灭绝的北部白犀牛。如今， 那个物种只剩下两名雌性。一个是他的女儿Najin， 另一个是他的孙女Fatu。
动物庇护者曾屡次测验考试让苏丹天然与那两位雌性交配， 然而却没有受孕胜利。
Last year, they created an account for him on the dating app Tinder, where Sudan was described as "The Most Eligible Bachelor in the World." The effort was meant to raise funds for a $9-million fertility treatment to help the species survive.
Elodie Sampere is a manager at the Ol Pejeta Conservancy. She spoke to VOA after Sudans death. She said there is still hope of keeping the species from disappearing.
去年， 他们在约会软件Tinder上为他创建了一个账户， 苏丹在软件上被描述为“钻石王老五”。那件工作的意义在于筹集900万美圆的生育治疗资金， 用来帮忙物种延续。
Elodie Sampere是Ol Pejeta Conservancy的司理， 她在苏丹逝世后与美国之音对话。她说， 仍然有一线希望不让那一物种灭绝。
"The death of Sudan does not mean the death of the species. We still have two females that are there," she said.
However, both Najin and Fatu are unable to carry a pregnancy to full term. So, scientists hope to use a technique called in-vitro fertilization. They want to combine the genetic material of a female and male northern white rhino. Then, they will implant the resulting embryo in the uterus of a female southern white rhino.
Northern white rhinos once lived across parts of Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Congo and the Central African Republic. Fifty years ago, about 2,000 remained in the wild. They became especially threatened because of armed conflicts in the area.
“苏丹的灭亡其实不意味着物种灭绝， 我们还有两只雌性白犀牛呢。”她说。
然而， Najin和Fatu都无法怀孕到足月。所以， 科学家们希望可以利用一种体外受精手艺。他们想要连系雌性和雄性北方白犀牛的遗传物量， 然后将产生的胚胎植入雌性南部白犀牛的子宫中。
北方白犀牛曾经生活在乍得、苏丹、乌干达、刚果和中非共和国的部门地域。五十年前， 有两千只摆布生活在野外。该地域的武拆抵触成为北方白犀牛的保存遭到的更大威胁。
Many were also killed by poachers. In some cultures, rhino horns are used in traditional medicine. They can be worth up to $50,000 per kilogram. All international trade in rhino horn is outlawed. However, demand in several Asian countries continues to fuel an illegal black market.
Along with health problems, Sudan may have also suffered from loneliness in his final days at the conservancy. The only other male of his species, Suni, died in 2014. Sudan spent his final years surrounded by armed guards who protected him from poachers.
此中很大数量的白犀牛也被偷猎者所杀戮。在某些处所文化中， 犀牛角被用于传统医学。它们的价值可能高达每公斤50,000美圆。所有国际商业中的犀牛角交易都长短法的。然而， 亚洲几个国度的需求继续滋长不法暗盘。
陪伴着安康问题， 苏丹在庇护区的最初日子里也在接受着孤单。他的物种中仅存的另一名雄性伙伴， 苏尼， 在2014年逝世。为了庇护苏丹免受偷猎者杀戮， 他在武拆保镳的包抄中渡过了他最初的岁月。
RIP.
一个物种的灭绝， 看似离我们十分遥远，
现实上对地球带来的丧失难以估量，
且再也无法填补， 曲到永久。
庇护野生动物， 是全人类配合的责任。
Ol Pejeta首席施行官Richard Vigne说：
“我们对苏丹的逝世感应哀痛。
他是代表他的物种的一位伟大的大使，
不只在犀牛面临的危机方面，
并且在上千种其它物种因为不成持续的人类活动而面对灭绝方面，
他都做出了进步全球意识的工做， 他会被人们记住。”
“One day,
his demise will hopefully be seen as a seminal moment
for conservationists worldwide.”
“有一天，
他的逝世将有希望成为全球庇护主义者的创始性时刻。”
写在最初：
苏丹曾是全世界最初一只要繁衍才能的北白犀雄性， 曾是延续那个演化收系的最初希望， 而现在天然繁衍的可能性已经不复存在。研究者保留了它的精子和组织样本， 但过去几年的人工繁衍勤奋并没有收成效果， 将来也不见得能有所改变。并且， 仅剩的两端雌犀都是苏丹的曲系后代， 那一严峻近亲繁衍的种群也几乎没有天然延续的持久可能。
留存北白犀遗传物量还有一种可能体例是与南白犀杂交， 但如许仍然意味着北白犀做为独立亚种的消亡；并且 Colin Groves 等人认为， 北白犀已经是一个独立的物种， 杂交可能是无法实现的。灭绝， 或许就是灭绝。
——摘自《我们那一代人能够目击北白犀的灭绝了》
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