都德的《磨坊书简》描绘的风力磨坊1868年都德出版长篇小说《小东西》,作者 都德 的资料都德 Alphonse Daudet (1840～1897) 法国小说家,1869年都德出版短篇故事集《磨坊书简》,1866年以发表散文和故事集《磨坊书简》成名,1888年还发表了《一个作家的回忆》和《巴黎的三十年》两部回忆录,《磨坊书简》 发表两年后,都德中英文简介阿尔封斯·都德（Alphonse Daudet）（1840年5月13日－1897年12月17日）,除此之外都德还创作了大量长篇小说。
作者 都德 的资料
都德 Alphonse Daudet (1840～1897) 法国小说家。生于尼姆城一破落商人家庭，生活贫困。曾任学校监学(类似辅导员)。17岁时带着诗作《女恋人》（1858）到巴黎，侧身转投文学界。1866年以发表散文和故事集《磨坊书简》成名。《高尼叶师傅的秘密》描述塔拉斯孔城开设面粉工厂后使当地磨坊的风车都停顿下来，但高尼叶师傅磨坊的风车却照旧运转不休，原来他用生石灰冒充麦子磨成粉。他的苦心却博得了居民的同情。《磨坊书简》 发表两年后， 都德的第一部长篇小说《小东西》出版。这是一部半自传性的作品，以轻淡的风格叙述了作者的生活经历和内心感受。1870年普法战争爆发，都德应征入伍。战争生活给他提供了新的创作题材。1873年他发表了著名短篇小说集《月曜日故事集》，其中大多是反映普法战争时期法国人民的爱国主义情绪。《最后一课》和《柏林之围》都是脍炙人口的名篇。《最后一课》被译成世界各国文字,常被选为中、小学生的语文教材,中国也有译文。普法战争以后，都德创作了长篇小说《塔拉斯孔城的达达兰》（1872～1890）、《小弟弗罗蒙与长兄黎斯雷》(1874)、《雅克》(1876)、《富豪》(1877)，《努马·卢梅斯当》(1881)、《萨福》(1884)、《不朽者》(1888)等。都德在《塔拉斯孔城的达达兰》中塑造了一个自吹自擂的庸人的典型形象，小说以漫画的手法讽刺资产阶级中某些人虚张声势的“英雄主义”。《雅克》叙述一个贫苦男孩的生活经历和奋斗过程， 与 《小东西》类似。在《富豪》中，作者写一个暴发户到巴黎后遭到破产以至身亡的故事，淋漓尽致地勾画了第二帝国时期丑恶的的社会风尚。《努马·卢梅斯当》写的是一个善于钻营的政客如何爬到部长的高位，成功地塑造了一个资产阶级政客的典型形象。《不朽者》主要是讽刺最高科学机构法兰西学院，书中的主人公只是一个平庸的学究，他毕生努力奋斗，终于混进了法兰西学院，成了被称为“不朽者”的院士，但他的论著却被发现是假科学。《萨福》写一个浪漫女子萨福的庸俗的爱情故事，曾受到法国马克思主义批评家拉法法格的批判。 都德是位多产作家，除著有大量小说外，1888年还发表了《一个作家的回忆》和《巴黎的三十年》两部回忆录。他的剧本《阿莱城的姑娘》(1872)曾由法国音乐家谱成歌剧。
都德中英文简介
阿尔封斯·都德（Alphonse Daudet）（1840年5月13日－1897年12月17日），法国写实派小说家，有自己独特的风格。特别是他的短篇小说，《最后一课》、《柏林之围》等作品都已成为世界文学的珍品。
生平
都德生于法国南部普罗旺斯地区的尼姆，是家中第六个孩子。都德父亲是一个丝绸制造商，惨淡的生意和沉重的生活压力迫使他在1849年全家移居里昂，希冀大都市能使自己时来运转。1856年都德结束了在里昂学习，前往塞文山脉一家寄宿学校担任教师谋生。对于年仅16岁的都德，这一位置是非常不合适的。学生不听他的管教，校方也不支持他。1857年11月，都德被迫辞职，辞职几个月间都德仍然心有余悸，觉得出于不受管教的学生中。1858年他为了谋生开始文学创作。最先尝试写诗歌，后来写过剧本，但并不成功。
都德的《磨坊书简》描绘的风力磨坊
1868年都德出版长篇小说《小东西》，这是一部半自传体的小说，其中再现了他童年和少年谋生的经历，表现了一个涉世未深青年面对社会的孤独感，对雅克哥哥，邦邦等人物描写极为鲜明。但或许是因为过于忧伤的笔调，使得这部作品在当时不是很受欢迎。1869年都德出版短篇故事集《磨坊书简》，他用朴实而略带伤感的笔调将家乡普罗旺斯的日常生活，风土人情融入其中，受到很多读者欢迎。其中的《此房出售》一篇颇为感人。他还是1904年诺贝尔文学奖获得者弗雷德里克·米斯特拉尔的好友，曾为他写过一篇名叫《诗人米斯特拉尔》的散文，收在《磨坊书简》之中。
1870年普法战争爆发，都德入伍。1873年他发表了《月曜故事集》其中的《柏林之围》通过巴黎被普军攻陷和病人想象的攻占柏林的强烈对比，突出主人公的爱国精神。《最后一课》选取了法国把阿尔萨斯和洛林割让给德国历史背景下的最后一堂法语课，描写的令人感动，虽然与历史事实不符，因阿尔萨斯和洛林地区一向习惯用德语。除此之外都德还创作了大量长篇小说，其中《达拉斯贡的戴达伦》讽刺了一个自以为英雄盖世的人物，1874年的《小弗洛蒙特和大黎斯雷》让他成为当时最伟大的小说家之一，《不朽者》则讽刺了官方的最高学术机构-法兰西学士院。1897年都德去世，葬入拉雪兹公墓。
著作列表
《小东西》 (1868)
《磨坊书简》 (1869)
《达拉斯贡的戴达伦》 (1872)
《月曜故事集》 (1873)
《艺术家的妻子》 (1874)
《Robert Helmont》 (1874; English: Robert Helmont: the Diary of a Recluse (1896))
《小弗洛蒙特和大黎斯雷》 (1874)
《努马·胡梅斯当》 (1880)
《萨福》 (1884)
《阿尔卑斯山上的戴达伦》 (1885)
《不朽者》 (1888)
Alphonse Daudet (French: [dodɛ]; 13 May 1840 – 16 December 1897) was a French novelist. He was the father of writers Léon Daudet and Lucien Daudet.
Early life
Daudet was born in Nîmes, France His family, on both sides, belonged to the bourgeoisie. The father, Vincent Daudet, was a silk manufacturer — a man dogged through life by misfortune and failure. Alphonse, amid much truancy, had a depressing boyhood. In 1856 he left Lyon, where his schooldays had been mainly spent, and began his career as a schoolteacher at Alès, Gard, in the south of France. The position proved to be intolerable and Daudet said later that for months after leaving Alès he would wake with horror, thinking he was still among his unruly pupils.
On 1 November 1857, he abandoned teaching and took refuge with his brother Ernest Daudet, only some three years his senior, who was trying, “and thereto soberly,“ to make a living as a journalist in Paris. Alphonse took to writing, and his poems were collected into a small volume, Les Amoureuses (1858), which met with a fair reception. He obtained employment on Le Figaro, then under Cartier de Villemessant’s energetic editorship, wrote two or three plays, and began to be recognized in literary communities as possessing distinction and promise. Morny, Napoleon III’s all-powerful minister, appointed him to be one of his secretaries — a post which he held till Morny’s death in 1865.
Literary career
In 1866, Daudet’s Lettres de mon moulin (Letters from My Windmill), written in Clamart, near Paris, and alluding to a windmill in Fontvieille, Provence, won the attention of many readers. The first of his longer books, Le petit chose (1868), did not, however, produce popular sensation. It is, in the main, the story of his own earlier years told with much grace and pathos. The year 1872 brought the famous Aventures prodigieuses de Tartarin de Tarascon, and the three-act play L’Arlésienne. But Fromont jeune et Risler aîné (1874) at once took the world by storm. It struck a note, not new certainly in English literature, but comparatively new in French. His creativeness resulted in characters that were real and also typical.
Jack, a novel about an illegitimate child, a martyr to his mother’s selfishness, which followed in 1876, served only to deepen the same impression. Henceforward his career was that of a successful man of letters, mainly spent writing novels: Le Nabab (1877), Les Rois en exil (1879), Numa Roumestan (1881), Sapho (1884), L’Immortel (1888), and writing for the stage: reminiscing in Trente ans de Paris (1887) and Souvenirs d’un homme de lettres (1888). These, with the three Tartarins - Tartarin de Tarascon, Tartarin sur les Alpes, Port-Tarascon - and the short stories, written for the most part before he had acquired fame and fortune, constitute his life work.
L’Immortel is a bitter attack on the Académie française, to which august body Daudet never belonged. Daudet also wrote for children, including La Belle Nivernaise, the story of an old boat and her crew. In 1867 Daudet married Julia Allard, author of Impressions de nature et d’art (1879), L’Enfance d’une Parisienne (1883), and some literary studies written under the pseudonym “Karl Steen“.
Daudet was far from faithful, and was one of a generation of French literary syphilitics. Having lost his virginity at the age of twelve, he then slept with his friends’ mistresses throughout his marriage. Daudet would undergo several painful treatments and operations for his subsequently paralyzing disease. His journal entries relating to the pain he experienced from tabes dorsalis are collected in the volume In the Land of Pain, translated by Julian Barnes. Daudet died in Paris on 16 December 1897, and was interred at that city’s Père Lachaise Cemetery.
Political and social views, controversy and legacy
Daudet was a monarchist and a fervent opponent of the French Republic. Daudet was also anti-Jewish, though less famously so than his son Léon. The main character of Le Nabab was inspired by a Jewish politician who was elected as a deputy for Nîmes. Daudet campaigned against him and lost. Daudet counted many literary figures amongst his friends, including Edouard Drumont, who founded the Antisemitic League of France and founded and edited the anti-Semitic newspaper La Libre Parole. Daudet also exchanged anti-Semitic correspondence with Richard Wagner.
t has been argued that Daudet deliberately exaggerated his links to Provence to further his literary career and social success (following Frederic Mistral’s success), including lying to his future wife about his “Provençal“ roots.
Numerous colleges and schools in contemporary France bear his name and his books are still widely read and several are still in print.
Works
Major works, and works in English translation (date given of first translation). For a complete bibliography see Alphonse Daudet Bibliography
Les Amoureuses (1858; poems, first published work).
Le Petit Chose (1868; English: Little Good-For-Nothing, 1885; or Little What’s-His-Name, 1898).
Lettres de Mon Moulin (1869; English: Letters from my Mill, 1880, short stories).
Tartarin de Tarascon (1872; English: Tartarin of Tarascon, 1896).
L’Arlésienne (1872; novella originally part of Lettres de Mon Moulin made into a play)
Contes du Lundi (1873; English: The Monday Tales, 1900; short stories).
Les Femmes d’Artistes (1874; English: Artists’ Wives, 1896).
Robert Helmont (1874; English: Robert Helmont: the Diary of a Recluse, 1896).
Fromont jeune et Risler aîné (1874; English: Fromont Junior and Risler Senior, 1894).
Jack (1876; English: Jack, 1897).
Le Nabab (1877; English: The Nabob, 1878).
Les Rois en Exil (1879; English: Kings in Exile, 1896).
Numa Roumestan (1880; English: Numa Roumestan: or, Joy Abroad and Grief at Home, 1884).
L’Evangéliste (1883; English: The Evangelist, 1883).
Sapho (1884; English: Sappho, 1886).
Tartarin sur les Alpes (1885; English: Tartarin on the Alps, 1891).
La Belle Nivernaise (1886; English: La Belle Nivernaise, 1892, juvenile).
L’Immortel (1888; English: One of the Forty, 1888).
Port-Tarascon (1890; English: Port Tarascon, 1890).
Rose and Ninette (1892; English: Rose and Ninette, 1892).
La Doulou (1930; English: In The Land of Pain, 2003; translator: Julian Barnes).
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